Prevención de cáncer de piel en el Hospital de Clínicas: ¿qué sabe el personal de salud? / Prevention of skin cancer in the Hospital de Clínicas: what do health personnel know? / Prevenção do câncer de pele no Hospital de Clínicas: o que sabem os profissionais de saúde?

El cáncer de piel es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente en Uruguay así como a nivel mundial, donde muere una persona cada menos de cuatro días por ésta causa. La medida de prevención primaria más efectiva es tener hábitos de fotoprotección, lo cual se consigue mediante la educación en salud y campañas preventivas. En el presente trabajo se resumen los resultados del examen físico realizado a funcionarios del Hospital de Clínicas en el contexto de la Campaña de Prevención de Cáncer de Piel 2017 y los hábitos y conocimientos de fotoprotección de los mismos. La amplia mayoría de los asistentes considera que cuenta con información suficiente sobre cómo protegerse del sol, que proviene, en un 39% de los casos de la televisión. Aún asi, el 41% de ellos, sólo se protege en ocasiones especiales como viajes y verano y únicamente 3 de los participantes emplea medidas adecuadas. Con respecto a campañas previas, 94% no recordaba otra campaña de prevención de cáncer de piel y era la primera vez que concurría a una el 99% de los individuos, lo que pone en manifiesto la necesidad de reforzar la planificación y ejecución de campañas y medidas efectivas para la promoción y prevención del cáncer de piel en los próximos años a fin de lograr disminuir la incidencia de cáncer de piel que continúa en aumento.

O câncer de pele é a neoplasia maligna mais frequente no Uruguai e no mundo, onde uma pessoa morre a cada menos de quatro dias por essa causa. A medida de prevenção primária mais eficaz é ter hábitos fotoprotetores, o que é alcançado por meio de educação em saúde e campanhas preventivas. Este artigo sintetiza os resultados do exame físico realizado em funcionários do Hospital de Clínicas no contexto da Campanha de Prevenção do Câncer de Pele 2017 e seus hábitos e conhecimentos sobre fotoproteção. A grande maioria das pessoas considera que possui informações suficientes sobre como se proteger do sol, o que ocorre em 39% dos casos de televisão. Ainda assim, 41% deles são protegidos apenas em ocasiões especiais, como viagens e verão, e apenas 3 dos participantes usam medidas adequadas. Com relação às campanhas anteriores, 94% não se lembraram de outra campanha de prevenção do câncer de pele e foi a primeira vez que 99% dos indivíduos compareceram, o que evidencia a necessidade de reforçar o planejamento e a execução de campanhas e medidas eficazes para a promoção e prevenção do câncer de pele nos próximos anos, a fim de reduzir a incidência de câncer de pele que continua a aumentar.

Skin cancer is the most frequent malignancy in Uruguay as well as worldwide, where a person dies every less than four days for this cause. The most effective prevention measure is to have photoprotective habits, which is achieved through health education and preventive campaigns. This paper summarizes the results of the physical examination performed on officials of the Hospital de Clínicas in the context of the 2017 Skin Cancer Prevention Campaign and their habits and knowledge of photoprotection. The vast majority of individuals consider that they have enough information on how to protect themselves from the sun, which comes in 39% of television cases. Still, 41% of them are only protected on special occasions such as trips and summer and only 3 of the participants use adequate measures. With respect to previous campaigns, 94% did not remember another skin cancer prevention campaign and it was the first time that 99% of the individuals attended, which highlights the need to reinforce the planning and execution of campaigns and effective measures for the promotion and prevention of skin cancer in the coming years in order to reduce the incidence of skin cancer that continues to increase.

Conocimiento y conductas de protección solar de pescadores en Chile / Knowledge and sun protection behaviors of fishermen in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sobreexposición a la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es un factor de riesgo importante para el desarrollo de cáncer de piel (CP). Aquellos trabajadores que realizan labores al aire libre, como los pescadores, son un grupo de riesgo, por lo que es importante saber si tienen los conocimientos y realizan las conductas que les permitan protegerse de la RUV. OBJETIVO: Evaluar en un grupo de pescadores el conocimiento respecto a los riesgos de la exposición solar y sus conductas respecto a medidas de protección solar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos fueron obtenidos por encuestas a 133 pescadores. Se obtuvieron antecedentes sociodemográficos y se aplicó un cuestionario de 11 preguntas para evaluar conocimiento sobre riesgos de la RUV y conductas de fotoprotección. RESULTADOS: La cohorte incluyó a 133 pescadores, todos fueron hombres con edad promedio de 48 +/- 11,2 años. Un 86% de los pescadores conocía la relación entre exposición solar/CP. En cuanto al uso de filtro solar (FS), un 54,8% de los trabajadores reportó nunca haberlo utilizado y un 41% lo hacía solo una vez al día. Los pescadores con escolaridad incompleta presentan 2,6 veces menor probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 2.6; p<0.05). Además, aquellos con conocimiento de la relación RUV y fotoenvejecimiento, presentaban 3,75 veces más probabilidad de utilizar FS (OR 3.75) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Este primer estudio sobre protección solar en pescadores muestra que la mayoría están en conocimiento de los riesgos a la salud. Sin embargo, no utilizan las medidas de protección recomendadas y aquellos que las utilizan, no lo hacen de la manera adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer (SC). Outdoor workers, such as fishermen are a risk group. Therefore, it is important to study if they have the knowledge towards sun exposure and also to know their solar protection behaviors. OBJETIVE: To evaluate in a group of fishermen if they have the knowledge about the risks of solar exposure and their behavior regarding sun protection measures. MATERIALS y METHODS: Data was obtained from a survey applied to 133 fishermen. Collected information included sociodemographic characteristics and 11 questions about knowledge and their sun protection measures. RESULTS: The cohort included 133 fishermen, all were male with an age average of 48 +/- 11,2 years. 86% knew about the relation between solar exposure and skin cancer. When asked about sunscreen use, 54.8% declared they never used it and 41,0% did only once a day. The fishermen who had incomplete secondary school studies were less likely to use sunscreen (OR 2.6) (p<0.05). Those who had knowledge of the relation between UVR and aging were 3,75 times more likely to use sunscreen. CONCLUSION: This is the first study about solar protection knowledge and photoprotection measures upon fishermen, performed in Chile. Most fishermen were aware of the health risks. However, they do not use the recommended protection measures, and those who use them, do not do it properly

Non-use of sunscreen among adults and the elderly in southern Brazil

Abstract Background One of the main prevention methods against skin cancer is the use of sunscreen; however, incidence of this disease has not declined despite prevention campaigns. Objective Investigate the prevalence of non-use of sunscreen and its associated factors. Method A population-based cross-sectional study with individuals aged 18 years or over living in the urban area. Conducted between April and July of 2016. Participants were interviewed about socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral questions. Non-use of sunscreen was considered as the outcome. For multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used. Results Among the 1300 participants, prevalence of non-use of sunscreen was 38.2% (95% CI: 34.6-41.8). The variables independently associated with the outcome were male sex, older age, brown or black skin color, lower income, fewer years of education, no physical activity in leisure time, no medical consultations in the last year, and self-perception of health as regular or poor. Study limitations The prevalence may be underestimated by reports of more use of sunscreen than actually used, which could increase the figure in the outcome. Conclusion It was estimated that about four out of ten adults and elderly do not use sunscreen in this sample. Prevention strategies are needed to advance health policy and ensure that sun protection options are easily accessible.

Development and validation of an instrument to assess the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection and solar radiation

Abstract Background The knowledge of general practitioners about photoprotection is unknown. Objectives To develop and validate an instrument to evaluate the knowledge of general practitioners and pediatricians about photoprotection, gauging the knowledge of these professionals. Methods The study followed the steps: (1) Literature identification and item elaboration related to the theme; (2) Content validation; (3) Apparent validation; (4) Construct validation: internal consistency analysis and discriminatory analysis; (5) Reliability analysis. In Step 4, the instrument was applied to 217 general practitioners and pediatricians who worked in the host city of the study; the scores were compared with dermatologists scores. Results The final instrument had 41 items and showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.780), satisfactory reproducibility and good test-retest reliability (good-to-excellent kappa statistic in more than 60% of items). The discriminatory analysis registered a mean score of 54.1 points for dermatologists and 31.1 points for generalists and pediatricians, from a total of 82 possible points, representing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Generalists and pediatricians demonstrated an understanding of the relationship between excessive sun exposure and skin cancer, but they revealed lack of technical information necessary for their professional practice. Study limitations The instrument evaluates only knowledge, without evaluating the conduct of the participants. Conclusion The results show that the instrument has good internal consistency and good reproducibility. It could be useful in the identification of general practitioners and pediatricians knowledge gaps on the subject, for the subsequent development of training and educational strategies.

Knowledge and habits of sun exposure in university students: a cross-sectional study in Southern Brazil

Abstract BACKGROUND: Excessive sun exposure is the major risk factor for skin cancer. Thus, sun exposure behavior is the major focus for prevention of this disease, since it is potentially modifiable. Increasing the knowledge on sun related habits and other skin cancer risk factors is fundamental in the development of preventive programs, especially when directed to young people. OBJECTIVES: To assess the photoprotection habits and the knowledge about skin cancer in college students. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study from Oct. 16 to Feb. 17, including 371 students from the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, through a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The level of knowledge about skin cancer and photoprotection was unsatisfactory in more than 10% of the students. The occurrence of sunburn was extremely high among students, and 25% reported at least one episode of second degree sunburn. Proper use of sunscreen was referred by only 34% of individuals. Students who reported having received photo education in college were associated with a more consistent use of sunscreen. STUDY LIMITATIONS: health area represented a large part of the sample; instrument validated outside Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Young people are unaware of basic information about sun protection and exposure. Even among those with proper knowledge, the use of photoprotective measures is very low. The sun exposure has shown to be excessive in most of the students, which makes this population an important target for photo-educational measures.

Educação em saúde do paciente com diagnóstico de câncer de pele / Health education of patients with diagnosis of skin cancer / Educación en salud del paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer de piel

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a educação em saúde ao paciente com diagnóstico de câncer de pele fornecida pela atenção primária. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em um centro oncológico da cidade de Teresina/PI. A população do estudo foi formada por pacientes com CID (Código Internacional de Doenças) utilizou-se a técnica da análise de conteúdo categorial temática de Bardin. O estudo constatou que os pacientes entrevistados são pertencentes a um grupo de risco por altas exposições aos raios ultravioletas e mantêm comportamento de vida que precisam ser mudados. Porém, apresentam cognição em compreender a gravidade do câncer da pele e dos meios de se evitar a doença. Dessa forma, precisam da educação em saúde das equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) para conseguirem um bom desenvolvimento quanto à proteção contra os raios solares. A Educação em Saúde do paciente com diagnóstico de câncer de pele na ESF é deficiente e de baixa qualidade, tanto na prevenção primária, quanto na fase de tratamento imediato.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the health education of patients with a diagnosis of skin cancer provided by primary care. This is a qualitative study performed at a cancer center in the city of Teresina/PI. The population of the study was formed by patients with ICD (International Code of Diseases) was used the technique of analysis of categorical content thematic of Bardin. The study found that the patients interviewed belong to a group at risk for high exposures to ultraviolet rays and maintain life behavior that need to be changed. However, they present cognition in understanding the severity of skin cancer and the means of avoiding the disease. In this way, they need the health education of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams to achieve a good development regarding the protection against the rays of the sun. The Health Education of the patient with diagnosis of skin cancer in FHS is deficient and of poor quality, both in primary prevention and in the immediate treatment phase.(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la educación en salud al paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer de piel suministrada por la atención primaria. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo realizado en un centro oncológico de la ciudad de Teresina/PI. La población del estudio fue formada por pacientes con CID (Código Internacional de Enfermedades) se utilizó la técnica del análisis de contenido categorial temático de Bardin. El estudio constató que los pacientes entrevistados pertenecen a un grupo de riesgo por altas exposiciones a los rayos ultravioletas y mantienen comportamiento de vida que necesitan ser cambiados. Sin embargo, presentan cognición en comprender la gravedad del cáncer de la piel y de los medios de evitar la enfermedad. De esta forma, necesitan la educación en salud de los equipos de Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) para lograr un buen desarrollo en cuanto a la protección contra los rayos solares. La Educación en Salud del paciente con diagnóstico de cáncer de piel en la ESF es deficiente y de baja calidad, tanto en la prevención primaria, como en la fase de tratamiento inmediato.(AU)

Fotoprotección y fotodaño en la niñez y la adolescencia / Photoprotection and photodamage in the childhood and adolescence

Durante las últimas décadas se ha incrementado la incidencia del cáncer de piel, debido fundamentalmente a la exposición a las radiaciones solares, por lo cual es importante la protección desde las edades tempranas. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de describir los efectos que estas ocasionan en los seres humanos y las formas de protección adecuadas. Se concluyó que el conocimiento y la implementación de las recomendaciones para la fotoprotección, son necesarias para prevenir los efectos causados por dichas radiaciones.

During the last decades the incidence of the skin cancer has been increased, due fundamentally to the exposure to the sun radiations, reason why it is important the protection since early ages. Keeping this in mind, a literature review was carried out with the objective of describing the effects that they cause in the human beings and the appropriate protection forms. It was concluded that the knowledge and the implementation of the recommendations for photoprotection, are necessary to prevent the effects caused by these radiations.

Protocolo del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica: enfermedades no transmitibles (ENT) diabetes, cardiovasculares y cáncer. No. 11 / Protocolo del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica: enfermedades no transmitibles (ENT) diabetes, cardiovasculares y cáncer. No. 11

Estos protocolos están dirigido a personal médico, paramédico y otros profesionales que realizan acciones gerenciales y operativas de vigilancia epidemiológica en los servicios de salud del país, y están divididos en varios tomos para dar a conocer y actualizar la identificación y medidas de control para diversos padecimientos a fin de continuar con el mejoramiento de las capacidades técnicas de los trabajadores de salud, que permita planificar la prestación de servicios con decisiones partiendo de un enfoque epidemiológico comprobado, para responder a los cambios de tendencias epidemiológicas y con ello contribuir al fortalecimiento de prácticas asertivas de la salud pública de nuestro país.

Poroqueratosis de Mibelli. Presentación de caso / Mibelli's porokeratosis. Presentation of case

RESUMEN Se realizó la presentación de dos pacientes con poroqueratosis de Mibelli por ser una dermatosis poco frecuente, por lo que debe ser de interés para los profesionales de diferentes disciplinas, bien por relacionarse con el cáncer de piel o con disímiles enfermedades. Los pacientes estudiados fueron: paciente femenino de 62 años de edad, piel blanca y ocupación ama de casa. Fue remitida por presentar piel con fototipo cutáneo II, una lesión en placa de color amarillento, bordes elevados, hiperqueratósicos, centro atrófico de 1 cm de diámetro; localizada en cara ántero-externa de pierna derecha. El otro paciente, de 59 años, sexo masculino, piel blanca, y ocupación pescador. Solicitó los servicios por presentar piel fototipo cutáneo II lesión en placa de color amarillento, bordes elevados, hiperqueratósicos, centro atrófico de 2cm de diámetro, localizada en cara póstero-externa de antebrazo derecho. Se les realizó biopsia de ambas lesiones. El diagnóstico fue la poroqueratosis de Mibelli para la prevención del cáncer de piel. Ambos pacientes presentaron en común fototipo cutáneo II y otras manifestaciones cutáneas inducidas por la exposición solar. La terapéutica utilizada fue la extirpación quirúrgica, que resultó también el proceder diagnóstico Se orientaron medidas para la prevención del cáncer de piel con bloqueadores solares, y protegerse de los rayos solares con ropa adecuaday otros accesorios (AU).

ABSTRACT Two patients with Mibelli´s porokeratosis were presented because it is a few frequent dermatosis that might be of interest for professionals of different disciplines since it is related to skin cancer and to several other diseases. The first studied patients was 62 years old, female, white, and a housewife, remitted due to presenting skin with cutaneous phototype II, a yellowish lesion in plaque, risen, hyperkeratoid borders and atrophic center of 1 cm diameter, located in the anterior-external face of the right leg. The other patient was 59 years old, male, white, and a fisherman. He assisted the service presenting skin with cutaneous phototype II, a yellowish lesion in plaque, risen, hyperkeratoid borders and atrophic center of 2 cm diameter, located in the posterior-external face of the right forearm. A biopsy of both lesions was carried out. The diagnosis was Mibelli´s porokeratosis. Both patients presented a common cutaneous phototype II and skin manifestations induced by the sun exposition. The used therapeutic was the surgical removal, that also was the diagnosis procedure. Preventing skin cancer with sun blockers was oriented and also wearing adequate clothes and other accessories (AU).

Prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de pele / Prevention and early detection of skin cancer

Introdução: O câncer de pele é o câncer mais comum no mundo todo. Ele se divide basicamente em melanoma e não melanoma. Este trabalho se propôs a promover o conhecimento e a conscientização sobre as estratégias de prevenção e detecção precoce de câncer de pele disponíveis na literatura. Métodos: Foram realizadas pesquisas na base de dados Pubmed para revisões sistemáticas sobre detecção precoce e prevenção de câncer de pele publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Dos artigos encontrados, foram selecionados aqueles que apresentavam as palavras-chave no título e que de fato consistiam em revisão sistemática. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 artigos para leitura na íntegra. A principal estratégia de prevenção do câncer de pele é evitar exposição UV. Mudanças comportamentais como evitar exposição solar, queimadura solar, bronzeamento artificial, uso de filtro solar, chapéus, óculos ou roupa com proteção UV são medidas aconselhadas. As pessoas apresentam resistência em aderir a comportamentos de proteção solar. Estratégias de quimioprofilaxia, tanto primária quanto secundária, para o câncer de pele têm sido exploradas. A avaliação de lesão pela regra do ABCDE é indicada em pacientes de alto risco de câncer de pele para a sua detecção precoce. Estudos sobre o rastreamento do câncer de pele na população em geral não demonstraram redução na mortalidade. Conclusão: Mudanças comportamentais pró-proteção solar e quimioprofilaxia são estratégias de prevenção do câncer de pele. Os artigos apontam seus benefícios, mas carecem de maior nível de evidência.

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most prevalent, but also preventable. This work is conducive to a quick knowledge and awareness about prevention strategies and early selection available in the literature. Methods: The Pubmed database was searched for systematic reviews on the early detection and prevention of skin cancer published in the last 5 years. From the articles found, we selected those who presented the keywords in the title and that in fact consisted of a systematic review. Results: Eleven articles were selected for full reading. The main prevention strategy for skin cancer is to avoid UV exposure. Behavioral changes such as avoiding sun exposure, sunburn, tanning, using sunscreen, hats, glasses or clothing with UV protection are recommended measures. People have resistance in adhering to sun protection behaviors. Strategies for both primary and secondary chemoprophylaxis for skin cancer have been explored. Assessment of injury by ABCDE rule is indicated in high-risk patients of skin cancer for its early detection. Studies on the screening of skin cancer in the general population did not show a reduction in mortality Conclusion: Behavioral changes pro-sun protection and chemoprophylaxis are strategies for the prevention of skin cancer. The articles point to its benefits, but lack a greater level of evidence.

Atuação do enfermeiro na detecção precoce do câncer de pele / Nurses' performance on the early detection of skin cancer

O câncer de pele é considerado um dos mais comuns no mundo. O enfermeiro é um potencial ator para a detecção precoce desse tipo de câncer, uma vez que está inserido diretamente nos espaços de cuidado. Este estudo objetivou analisar a produção científica na área da enfermagem em relação à detecção precoce do câncer de pele. Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e no Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica nos dias 8 e 9 de dezembro de 2015, com os seguintes descritores: skin cancer, nursing, early detection câncer de pele, enfermagem e detecção precoce de câncer. Os resultados possibilitaram encontrar ações relacionadas ao trabalho da enfermagem dentro desse tema. Os estudos abordaram a atuação do enfermeiro, apresentaram métodos para auxiliar e melhorar a assistência de enfermagem, avaliaram e descreveram as práticas rotineiras dentro do processo de trabalho e ratificaram a importância da atuação desse profissional na detecção precoce desse tumor. Concluiu-se que as principais estratégias realizadas pelo enfermeiro em relação à detecção precoce do câncer de pele demonstraram a importância da atuação desse profissional para o controle desse tipo de câncer

Prevalence and factors associated with exposure to sunlight and sunscreen among physical education teachers in Pelotas, southern Brazil

Abstract: Background: Decreasing the time of exposure to the sun and increasing sunscreen use are important actions to prevent skin cancer. Objective: This study aimed to verify the prevalence of exposure to the sun and the use of sunscreen, as well as associated factors among physical education teachers of the basic education network from city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Methods: A census type study was conducted with physical education teachers of the basic education network from Pelotas. This study assessed the time of exposure to the sun in the workplace for at least 20 min, between 10am and 4pm, and the use of sunscreen during the workday. Results: 188 teachers answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of exposure to the sun between 10:00am and 4:00pm was 89.2% (95% CI of 83.8% -93.3%), while sunscreen use was 63.3% (95% CI of 56.0% -70.2%). However, when the sample was stratified by sex, women reported a higher rate of sunscreen use (78.5% -95% CI of 72.2-84.3) than men (38.9% -95% CI of 31.8-46.2) (p<0.001). Teachers with longer work weeks were at greater risk of exposure to the sun. In addition, women, with normal weight and who worked less hours, were more likely to use sunscreen. Study limitations: Cross-sectional study and lack of information on the proper use and frequency of use of sunscreen. Conclusion: Physical education teachers were highly exposed to solar radiation, and less than two-thirds used sunscreen during the workday. Interventions with this professional group are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer.

Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí

Abstract: Background: The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used. Results: Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history. Conclusions: The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.

Elaboração de um material educativo sobre câncer de pele para trabalhadores rurais / Development of an educational material on skin cancer for rural workers

Neoplasia maligna de pele ou câncer de pele é uma das doenças que afeta a população e também os trabalhadores rurais devido, entre alguns motivos, ao seu longo período de exposição aos raios solares. Uma forma que se supõe eficaz na prevenção desta patologia refere-se às atividades de educação em saúde. O presente estudo tem como objetivo elaborar, por meio das evidências científicas identificadas, um material educativo, sobre câncer de pele direcionado aos trabalhadores rurais. Para isso, utilizou-se de uma revisão integrativa, a qual permite a busca, a avaliação crítica e o resumo de evidências disponíveis sobre determinada questão de estudo, cuja finalidade é a verificação do estado atual do conhecimento sobre determinado tema, o uso de intervenções mais efetivas e consequentemente a redução de custos e identificação de lacunas. Para tal, foram realizadas estratégias de busca em seis bases de dados diferentes, sendo elas: CINAHL, PUBMED, LILACS, Academic Search Premier, EMBASE e SCOPUS. O somatório de produções científicas disponíveis identificadas nessas bases foi de 187 estudos e após a seleção feita pela atentiva leitura dos artigos, foram selecionados quatro estudos, publicados entre os anos de 1996 a 2011, que se encontravam em adequação ao tema e aos critérios de seleção. Após a análise dos dados foi possível identificar que ainda é incipiente a quantidade de artigos sobre essa temática. As atividades de intervenção educativas são importantes para a prevenção do câncer de pele em trabalhadores rurais, porém quando há dificuldades na realização destas atividades pessoalmente, de modo individual ou em grupo, a elaboração de um material educativo apropriado, baseado na experiência prática do pesquisador, nas evidências disponíveis na literatura e na realidade dos trabalhadores rurais, torna-se de grande valia para que a educação em saúde aconteça e, consequentemente a prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde. O material educativo ilustrativo abordando a temática do câncer de pele, intitulado "Câncer de Pele: Plantando Proteção, Colhendo Saúde" foi elaborado e será disponibilizado aos trabalhadores rurais, como um produto do presente estudo

Malignant skin neoplasm or skin cancer is one of the diseases that affect the population and also the rural workers, due to, among other reasons, their long period of exposure to the sun's rays. One form that is supposed to be effective in preventing this pathology refers to the health education activities. This present study intends to develop an educational material on skin cancer oriented towards the rural workers. For this purpose, an integrative review was used, which enables the search, critical assessment and summary of available evidence on a certain study question, whose purpose is to check the current state of the knowledge about a certain issue, the use of more effective interventions and, consequently, the reduction of costs and the identification of gaps. To that end, some search strategies were performed in six different databases, namely: CINAHL, PUBMED, LILACS, Academic Search Premier, EMBASE and SCOPUS. The sum of the available scientific productions identified in these databases was 187 studies; and, after the selection made by the thorough reading of the papers, four studies that were in line with the theme and the selection criteria were chosen, which were published between the years 1996 and 2011. Upon analyzing the data, it was possible to identify that the amount of papers on this issue is still incipient. Educational intervention activities are important for the prevention of skin cancer in rural workers, but when there are difficulties in conducting these activities personally, whether individually or collectively, the development of an appropriate educational material, based on the researcher's own practical experience, the evidence available in the literature and in the rural workers' reality, it becomes of great value for the implementation of health education and, consequently, the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health. The illustrative and educational material addressing the issue of skin cancer entitled "Câncer de Pele: Plantando proteção, Colhendo Saúde" has been developed and will be made available to the rural workers, as a product of this study in question

Hábitos de fotoprotección en los niños que concurren a Dermatología Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell: Photoprotective habits in children seen at the Pediatric Dermatology Unit of CHPR / Photoprotective habits in children seen at the Pediatric Dermatology Unit of CHPR

Introducción: la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta durante la infancia y la adolescencia juega un papel trascendente en el desarrollo futuro del cáncer de piel. Los niños se exponen al sol tres veces más que los adultos y antes de los 21 años se ha recibido entre el 50 y el 80 % de la radiación solar total. Objetivo: conocer qué saben los padres de la población objetivo sobre los efectos del sol en la piel y los ojos, y cuáles son sus hábitos de fotoprotección, los de sus hijos y los factores relacionados con ello. Métodos: estudio transversal a padres de niños que concurrieron a la policlínica de Dermatología Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell durante los meses de octubre 2013 a enero 2014. Resultados: se entrevistó a un total de 100 padres, la media de edad de los hijos fue de 7,85 años, el 62% de los niños eran provenientes de familias de bajo nivel socioeconómico y educacional. El 43% de los encuestados respondió que le gusta estar bronceados, en comparación con un 28% que no le gusta. La medida de fotoprotección más utilizada tanto por padres (73%) como por hijos (86%) fue el protector solar, seguida de los lentes de sol en los adultos y del uso rutinario de sombrero en los niños. Conclusiones: los métodos utilizados se basan en gran medida en el uso de protectores solares con un uso inadecuado de los mismos en gran parte de los encuestados.

Introduction: exposure to ultraviolet radiation during childhood and adolescence plays an important role in the future development of skin cancer. Children are three times more sun exposed than adults. Before age 21, people receive between 50 and 80% of the total solar radiation throughout their lives. Objective: to determine what parents know about the impact of the sun on the skin and eyes, and to learn about their photoprotective habits for them and their children and some associated factors. Methods: a cross-sectional study to parents of children who were seen at the Pediatric Dermatology Unit of CHPR during the months of October 2013 to January 2014. Results: a total of 100 surveys were conducted, the average age of the children was 7.85 years old, 62% of the children came from families of low socioeconomic status. 43% of respondents declared who like to be tan, compared to 28% who did not like it. The most widely used photoprotective measure by both parents (73%) and children (86%) was sunscreen, followed by sunglasses in adults and the routine use of a cap by children. Conclusions: the photoprotection method used is based largely, on sunscreen but with an improper use in most of the respondents.

Occupational skin cancer: Systematic review / Câncer de pele ocupacional: revisão sistemática

SUMMARY Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile, risk factors in the workplace environment and prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer. Method: A systematic review of articles on occupational skin cancer, published in the Lilacs, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane Library from January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2013, was performed. The search included the following terms: “neoplasias cutâneas” (DeCS), “exposição ocupacional” (DeCS), “epidemiologia” (DeCS) as well as the keyword “prevenção”, and their equivalents in English. Results: After analyzing the titles and summaries of articles, the search strategy resulted in 83 references, of which 22 articles met the eligibility criteria. Discussion: We found that sun exposure is the main occupational risk factor for skin cancer, causing outdoor workers to be the most vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer. Professionals with low levels of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Conclusion: Outdoor workers are more vulnerable to developing occupational skin cancer, estimating that professionals with low level of education and European descent are at increased risk of developing this cancer. Therefore, companies need to invest more in the health of workers by providing protective equipment and thus preventing occupational skin cancer.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico, os fatores de risco no ambiente de trabalho e os métodos de prevenção dos profissionais de risco para câncer de pele. Método: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos sobre o câncer de pele ocupacional, publicados entre 1 de janeiro de 2008 e 31 de dezembro de 2013, nas bases de dados Lilacs, Scielo, Medline e Biblioteca Cochrane. A pesquisa baseou-se na intersecção dos seguintes termos: “neoplasias cutâneas” (DeCS), “exposição ocupacional” (DeCS), “epidemiologia” (DeCS) e a palavra-chave “prevenção” e seus equivalentes em inglês. Resultados: após a análise dos títulos e resumos dos artigos, a estratégia de busca resultou em 83 referências, das quais 22 artigos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Discussão: a exposição solar é o principal fator de risco ocupacional para câncer de pele e os trabalhadores ao ar livre são os mais vulneráveis a desenvolvê-lo. Aqueles com baixo nível de escolaridade e ascendência europeia apresentam maior risco de desenvolver a neoplasia. Conclusão: os trabalhadores ao ar livre são mais vulneráveis a desenvolver câncer de pele ocupacional. Os profissionais com baixo nível de escolaridade e ascendência europeia apresentam maior risco de desenvolver a neoplasia. São necessários mais investimentos das empresas na saúde dos trabalhadores por meio de fornecimento de equipamentos de proteção, a fim de prevenir o câncer de pele ocupacional.

Fotoexposição e fatores de risco para câncer de pele: avaliação de hábitos e conhecimentos da população participante da campanha de prevenção ao câncer de pele em Morro Redondo/RS / Sun exposure and skin cancer risk factors: habits and awareness of the population participating in the skin cancer prevention campaign in Morro Redondo, RS

Introdução: os cânceres de pele são reconhecidamente relacionados à exposição solar que, associada à suscetibilidade individual à radiação ultravioleta, constitui o fator de risco mais importante para o desenvolvimento da doença. Objetivos: relacionar o uso de protetor solar diário ou eventual com conhecimento da relação causal entre o sol e o câncer de pele, tal como a presença ou ausência de lesão de pele suspeita de neoplasia maligna em relação ao conhecimento sobre a relação supracitada. Métodos: um estudo analítico transversal foi realizado através da aplicação de 107 questionários aos participantes da Campanha de Prevenção ao câncer de pele realizada em Morro Redondo-RS. Resultados: uso diário de fotoprotetor foi mais frequente entre as mulheres (21,49%) e a prevalência de lesão suspeita de malignidade nesse grupo foi nula, enquanto que 20,55% dos homens referiram nunca se proteger, e dentre eles o predomínio de lesões suspeitas foi de 7,47%. Observouse que 67% dos entrevistados que tem conhecimento da exposição solar como fator de risco para câncer de pele usam fotoprotetor e, entre os que desconhecem a relação, 56% nunca se protegem. Foi demonstrado que 17% dos que conhecem tal relação tiveram lesão de pele suspeita e, entre os que desconhecem, apenas 1% obteve o mesmo diagnóstico. Conclusão: o uso de fotoprotetor mostrou-se indispensável para prevenção de lesão de pele e este deve ser orientado corretamente. Portanto, campanhas de prevenção ao câncer de pele são importantes para a conscientização da população sobre proteção solar, devendo ser estimuladas.

Introduction: Skin cancers are known to be related to sun exposure, which, associated with individual susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation, is the major risk factor for developing the disease. Aims: To relate the daily or occasional use of sunscreen with awareness of the causal relationship between sun and skin cancer, such as the presence or absence of skin lesions suspected of malignancy in relation to the knowledge of the above-mentioned relationship. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out by administering 107 questionnaires to participants of the Skin Cancer Prevention Campaign held in Morro Redondo, RS. Results: Daily use of sunscreen was more frequent among women (21.49%) and the prevalence of suspected malignant lesions in this group was zero, while 20.55% of men reported they never used it, and among them the predominance of suspicious lesions was 7.47%. It was found that 67% of respondents who are aware of sun exposure as a risk factor for skin cancer use sunscreen, and among those who are unaware of the relationship, 56% never protect themselves. It has been shown that 17% of those who are aware of this relationship did have a suspicious skin lesion, and among those who are unaware only 1% got the same diagnosis. Conclusion: Sunscreen use was shown to be essential for preventing skin damage and must be correctly oriented. Therefore, skin cancer prevention campaigns are important for raising public awareness about sun protection and should be encouraged.

Câncer de pele: conhecimento, práticas e atitudes de pescadores / Skin cancer: knowledge, practices and attitudes of fishermen and fisherwomen regarding skin cancer / Cáncer de piel: conocimiento, prácticas y actitudes de pescadores

The present study aimed to describe fishermen's knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding skin cancer. It is a transversal, descriptive, exploratory and quantitative study using an interview script. It was undertaken in the Colônia de Pescadores do Pina (Pina Fishing Community), Recife, in the state of Pernambuco, in January ­ November 2014. Excel 2013 was used for the quantitative analysis of the data, with the support of the Epi Info software version 3.5.2. Of the 100% (90) fishermen and fisherwomen interviewed, 78% (71) were male, with a mean age of 28.4 years old, and 64.4% (58) had never participated in any educational event on the issue. In the sample, 84.4% (76) are exposed to the sun for five hours per day or over, and 62.2% (56) do not protect themselves against the sun. The fishermen and fisherwomen do not use effective measures for protecting themselves. As a result, access to means of protection and education and health may be instruments for encouraging practices for prevention against skin cancer (AU).

O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas a respeito da prevenção do câncer de pele em pescadores. Estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo, utilizando roteiro de entrevista. Foi desenvolvido na Colônia de Pescadores do Pina, Recife, estado de Pernambuco, entre janeiro e novembro de 2014. Para análise quantitativa dos dados, foi utilizado o Excel 2013, com o suporte do Epi Info versão 3.5.2. Dos 100% (90) pescadores entrevistados, 78% (71) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 28,4 anos, 64,4% (58) nunca participaram de um momento educativo. Na amostra, 84,4% (76) se expõem ao sol cinco horas ou mais por dia e 62,2% (56) não se protegem. Os pescadores não utilizavam medidas eficazes para sua proteção. Dessa forma, o acesso às medidas de proteção e a educação em saúde podem ser instrumentos de estímulo às práticas preventivas de câncer de pele (AU).

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir el conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas de prevención del cáncer de piel en pescadores. Estudio transversal, descriptivo, exploratorio, cuantitativo, que utilizó guión de entrevista. Fue desarrollado en la Colonia de Pescadores de Pina, Recife, estado de Pernambuco, entre enero y noviembre de 2014. Para análisis cuantitativo de los datos, fue utilizado Excel 2013, con el soporte de Epi Info versión 3.5.2. De los 100% (90) pescadores entrevistados, 78% (71) eran del sexo masculino, con media de edad de 28,4 años, 64,4% (58) nunca participaron de un momento educativo. En la muestra, 84,4% (76) se exponen al sol cinco horas o más por día y 62,2% (56) no se protegen. Los pescadores no utilizaban medidas eficaces para su protección. Así, el acceso a las medidas de protección y la educación en salud pueden ser herramientas de estímulo a las prácticas preventivas de cáncer de pie (AU).